فخر الدين الرازي

Muhammad ibn `Umar, Abū  al-Su`ud Muhammad ibn Muhammad,

 Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (b. Rayy [= Rhagai near Tehran] c. 543-d. near Herat 606 AH = 1149-1210 CE).

IN PROGRESS, 2008-10

STEPHEN N. LAMBDEN

(UNIV. CALIFORNIA-MERCED)

al-Rāzī, Muhammad ibn `Umar, Abū  al-Su`ud Muhammad ibn, Muhammad Fakhr al-Dīn (d. 606/1210)

Persian born Asharite Sunni Theologian,  Shafi Jurist and Qur'an Commentator.

  تفسير مفاتيح الغيب ، التفسير الكبير  

Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb = al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr:

  • Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb al-mushtahir bi'l-Tafsīr al-kabīr,  ?  vols. Cairo, 1286/1869.
  • Scans/PDF from University of Toronto:  http://www.archive.org/details/mafatihalghayb01raziuoft
  • [Al-Qahirah] al-Matba'ah al-Misriyah al-'Amiriyah
  • al-Tafsīr al-kabīr... 8 vols. [Cairo] Bulaq, 1279-1289/ 1862-1872.
  • Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb al-mushtahir bi'l-Tafsīr al-kabīr.   8 vols. Istanbul:  Dār-al-Tab`ah al-Amīra,  1308 /1890.
  • Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb, al-Tafsīr al-kabīr. Egypt: Khairiyya Press, 1307-8/1891-2. Includes in the margin the commentary of Abū al-Sa`ūd al-ibn Muhammad al-Imādī.
  • al-Tafsīr al-kabīr... 6 vols. (?) Cairo: Sharafiyya Press, 1308/ 1890. Includes in the margin the commentary of Abū al-Sa`ūd al-ibn Muhammad al-Imādī.
  • al-Tafsīr al-kabīr... 6 vols. (?) Cairo:  1310/ 1892.
  • al-Tafsīr al-kabīr... 6 vols. (?) Cairo: xxxxx., 1327/ 1909.
  • al-Tafsīr al-kabir (The Extensive Commentary ) [= Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb "Keys to the Unseen" ] 32 vols. in 16 Cairo: al-Matba'ah al-Bahlyah al-Misriyya, n.d.
  • al-Tafsīr al-kabīr. 32 vols. Cairo: al-Maţba'ah al֊ Bahlyah al-Mişrîyah, n. d.
  • al-Tafsīr al-kabīr (= Mafātīh al-Ghayb), ed. Muhammad Muḥyī al-Dīn `Abd al-Ḥamīd, 32 vols, in 16, Cairo: al-Matba`a al-Misriyya, 1352/1933. This edition has been reprinted in Tehran.
  • al-Tafsīr al-kabīr (Mafātīh al-ghayb). 32 vols. in 16. Beirut:  Dār al-Fīkr, 1981.
  • al-Tafsīr al-kabir (The Extensive Commentary), Beirut:  Dār al-Kutub al-`Ilmiyya,, 32 vols in 16. XXXX/1990,
  • al-Tafsīr al-kabir (The Extensive Commentary), (3rd printing) Beirut:  Dār al-Iḥyā al-Turath al-`Arabi, 32 vols in 16. n.d. *
  • Tafsīr-i kabir-i Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb, Persian trans.  `Ali  Asghar Ḥalabi,  Tehran : Intishārāt-i Aṣāṭīr , 1371/XXX. / vol. 4 1378/ 1999. only*

Kafrawi, Shalahudin

  • Fakhr al-Din al-Razi's methodology in interpreting the Qur'an.Binghamton, N.Y. : Global Publications, Binghamton University, 2001

 

Aḥkām al-basmalah.
  • أحكام البسملة وما يتعلق بها من الأحكام والمعاني وإختلاف العلماء
  • Aḥkām al-basmalah wa-mā yataʻallaqu bi-hā min al-aḥkām wa-al-maʻānī wa-ikhtilāf al-ʻulamāʼ
    • . Būlāq, Cairo : Maktabat al-Qurʼān, 1988.

    Khalq al-Qur'an bayn al-Mu`tazila wa'l-Sunna

    • Khalq al-Qur'an bayn al-Mu`tazila wa'l-Sunna
    . ed. Ahmad Hijjazi al-Saqa. Beirut: Dar al-Jil, 1413/1992. 72pp.
  •  

    • Kitab al-Arba`in fi Usul al-Din.

    See See Brockelmann, GI 666-669 + S-I: 920-924 + G. C. Anawati, EI2 Vol.II: 755 --identifies the forty questions

    dealt with here.

    • ADD
  • http://www.archive.org/details/AlArba3inFiUsulEddin
    •

  •  

    Sharḥ asmā' Allāh al-ḥusná
    • ADD
      •
    • Sharḥ asma
      • ' Allah al-husná lil-Razi : wa-huwa al-kitab al-musammá lawami al-bayyinat Sharḥ asma' Allah Ta`alá wa'al-sifat. ed. Sa`d, Taha `Abd al-Ra`uf, Cairo: Maktabat al-Kulliyyat al-Azhariyya, 1396/ ADD. 396pp.
    • Sharh asma' Allah al-husná lil-Razi : wa-huwa al-kitab al-musammá lawami al-bayyinat sharh asma' Allah Ta`alá wa'al-sifat. ed. Sa`d, Taha `Abd al-Ra`uf, Cairo: Maktabat al-Kulliyyat al-Azhariyya, 1396/ ADD. 396pp.

    • Traité sur les Noms Divins, trans and commentary M. Gloton, 2 vols. Paris: Devy,  1986.

    *

    Lawāmi` al-bayinnāt fī asmā' Allāh wa'l-ṣifāt

    • Lawāmi` al-bayinnāt fī asmā' Allāh wa'l-ṣifāt (The Perspicuous Brilliances regarding the Names of God and the Attributes"). This work contains a section on the ism Allāh al-a`ẓam

    Sirr al-maktum fī mukhaṭabāt al-nujum

    • Sirr al-maktum fī mukhaṭabāt al-nujum ("The Sealed Mystery about the addressers of the Stars"), a work about Talismans and astral magic including reference to the 7 sigla constituting the

      • Shi`i form of the al-ism al-a`zam or Mightiest Name of God.

    ADD HERE  `isma al-anbiya'

     

    Kitāb al-nafs wa'l-rūḥ... (The Book on the Soul and the Spirit and their Faculties)

    • Kitāb al-nafs wa l-rūḥ wa sharḥ quwā-humā (Book on the Soul and the Spirit and their Faculties)
    • English trans. of the above entitled Imām Rāzī's `Ilm al-Akhlāq with introduction and commentary by M. Saghir Hasan Ma`sumi. Islamic Research Institute, Islamabad Pakistan. Lahore: Ripon Printing Press, Mirza Mohammad Sadiq + Islamabad: Islamic Research Institute; Ijaz Ahmed Zuberi,   n.d. [c. 1969] xi +334pp.  *  

    اعتقادات فرق المسلمين والمشركين

    I`tiqādāt firaq al-muslimīn wa'l-mushrikīn.

    (Differentiating Belief Positions of the Muslims and the Unbelievers")

    • I`tiqādāt firaq al-muslimin wa'l-mushrikin (The Factional Differentiations between the Muslims and the Unbelievers),
    • Add ".. edited in 1938 by `Alī Sāmī al-Nashshār" (EI2).
    • `Iqtiqādāt Firaq al-Muslimun wa'l-Mushrikun. ed. `Alī Sāmī al-Nashshār, XXXX/1938. 
    • I`tiqādāt firaq al-muslimīn wa'l-mushrikīn. Cairo: Maktabat al-Kulliyat al-Azhariyya, 1398/1978.  150+ii pp. (=`an Turāth al-Rāzī , vol.2 ).*

    • `Iqtiqādāt Firaq al-Muslimun wa'l-Mushrikun. Cairo: Maktab al-Kulliyyat al-Azhariyya, 1398/1978. 152pp. *
    • `Iqtiqādāt Farq al-Muslimun wa'l-Mushrikun. Beirut: Dar al Kitab al Arabi, 2006. 144pp. ISBN13-UPC: 9789953274348.

     

     

    al-Maṭālib al-`āliyya min al-`ilm al-Ilāhī ... [On Kalām "Theology"]

    • al- Maṭālib al-ʻālīya min al-ʻilm al-ilāhī : wa-huwa al-muṣammā fī lisān al-Yūnānīyīn "bāt̲ūlūǧiyā" 1/2 (1987) ed. Aḥmad Ḥiǧāzī al-Saqqā Beirūt Dār al-Kitāb al-ʻArabī 1987
    • al-Muṭālib al-`Āliyya min al-`Ilm al-Ilāhī huwa al-musamma fi lisan al-yunaniyyin bi-Thūlūjiyya ["Theology"] wa fi lisān al-muslimin `ilm al-kalām aw al-Falsafa al-Islamiyya.  Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-`Arabi,  XX vols. + Index  in 9 vols. 1407/1987. *

    aḷ-Ṣifāt al-īǰābiyya

    • aḷ-Ṣifāt al-īǰābiyya.  Beirut : Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīya, 1999. Series: Manšūrāt Muḥammad ʻAlī Baiḍūn; al-Maṭālib al-ʻāliya min al-ʻilm al-ilāhī / taʼlīf Faḫr-ad-Dīn Muḥammad Ibn-ʻUmar ar-Rāzī. Ḍabatahū wa-ḫarraǧa āyātihī Muḥammad ʻAbd-as-Salām Šāhīn, Ǧuzʼ 3

     

    Mabahith al-mashriqiyya

    • Mabahith al-mashriqiyya fi 'ilm al-ilahiyyat wa-'l-tabi'iyyat (Eastern Studies in Metaphysics and Physics). Hyderabad: Da'irat al-Ma'arif al-Nizamiyyah, 1923-4,
    • Reprint in 2 vols. Tehran, 1966

     

    Muhassal afkar al-mutaqaddimin wa-'l-muta'akhkhirin

    • Muhassal afkar al-mutaqaddimin wa-'l-muta'akhkhirin (The Harvest of the Thought of the Ancients and Moderns) Muhassal afkar al-mutaqaddimin wa-'l-muta'akhkhirin min al-'ulama' wa-'l-hukama' wa-'l-mutakallimin (The Harvest of the Thought of the Ancients and Moderns). Cairo: al-Matba'ah al Bahiyyah al-Misriyyah, 1905. -- printed with al-Tusi's Talkhis al-Muhassal at the bottom of the page and al-Razi's al-Ma'alim fi usul al-din (The Waymarks and Principles of Religion) in the margin.)
    • al-Mahsul fi 'Ilm al-Usul Sharḥ al-Isharat (Commentary on the Isharat of Ibn Sina)
    • al-Mutakallimin fi 'Ilm al-Kalam

    al-Ma'alim fi usul al-din

     

    • Nihayat al 'Uqul fi Dirayat al-Usul
    • Risala al-Huduth Kitab al-Mantiq al-Kabir (The Major Book on Logic)
    • Al-Bayan wa'l-Burhan fi'l-Radd `ala ahl al-Zaygh wa al-tughyan
    • Sharḥ Nisf al-Wajiz li'l-Ghazzali

    al-Risālat al-Kamaliyya

    • al-Risālat al-Kamāliyya fi'l-ḥaqā'iq al-ilāhiyya. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-`Ilmiyya, 1324/2002.  (97pp. + Mulla Sadra's  Kitab al-Masha'ir = pp.99-142+ index pp.143-4).

     

    Sharḥ al-Kulliyyāt al-Qānūn fī'l-Ṭibb

    • Sharḥ al-Kulliyyāt al-Qānūn fī'l-Ṭibb (A Commentary on major Rules in Medicines of Ibn Sina)

    Sharh al-Isharat

    • Sharh al-Isharat (Commentary on the Isharat).
    • "No critical edition of al-Razi's commentary on Ibn Sina's Kitab al-isharat has appeared. Portions can be found in S. Dunya (ed.) al-Isharat wa-'l-tanbihat, Cairo: Dar al-Ma'arif, 1957-60, 4 parts, 3 vols in 2; also in al-Isharat wa-'l-tanbihat, Tehran: Matba'at al-Haydari, 1957-9, 3 vols. Both these editions contain al-Tusi's commentary as well as parts of Fakhr al-Din al-Razi's commentary, to which al-Tusi is responding. The Tehran edition also contains Qutb al-Din al-Razi's commentary, which set out to adjudicate between al-Tusi and al-Razi" (so John Cooper, 1998).
    • Ibn Sina (980-1037) Kitab al-Isharat wa-'l-tanbihat (Remarks and Admonitions), trans. A.-M. Goichon, Livre des directives et remarques, Beirut and Paris, 1951. (Introduction and notes by the translator. Contained in the notes are a number of al-Razi's comments from his commentary on this work, as well as some of al-Tusi's criticisms of al-Razi.)
    • Lubab al-Isharat (The Pith of the Isharat), ed. M. Shihabi in al-Tanbihat wa-'l isharat, Tehran: Tehran University Press, 1960; ed. A. 'Atiyah, Cairo: Maktabat al-Kharji, 1936/7. "Al-Razi's epitome of Ibn Sina's work, written after he had completed his commentary."
    • http://www.archive.org/details/567_razi_lubab

    Asas al-taqdis

     

    Further Writings of Fakhr al‑Dīn al‑Razī (d. 606/1209 ).

    Miscellaneous secondary sources

    Abrahamov, B. 

    • 1992 'Fakhr al-Din al-Razi on God's Knowledge of Particulars', Oriens 33: 133-55.

    Arnaldez, Roger.

    • "Les Chrétiens selon le commentaire coranique de Rāzī." In Mélanges d'islamologie dédiés à la mémoire de Armand Abel. Edited by P. Salmon, pp. 45-57. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1974.
    •  1960 'L'oeuvre de Fakhr al-Din al-Razi commentateur du Coran et philosophe' (The Works of Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Qu'ranic Commentator and Philosopher), Cahiers du Civilization médiévale, Xe-XIIe siècles 3: 307-23. (In this article, Arnaldez has dug into al-Razi's enormous commentary on the Qur'an to come up with his mature philosophical ideas.
    •  
    •  (1989) 'Trouvailles philosophiques dans le commentaire coranique de Fakhr al-Dîn al-Râzî ', Études Orientales 4: 17-26. (A follow-up to Arnaldez (1960).)

    Anawati, G. C.

    • 'Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī' EI2 vol. 2:751-5
    .

    Shihadeh, Ayman

    • The Teleological Ethics of Fakhr Al-Din Al-Razi ADD


    •  

    Ceylan, Yasin

    • 1996 Theology and Tafsir in the Major Works of Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization, Kuala Lumpur. 1996.

    John Cooper,

    • `al-Razi, Fakhr al-Din (1149-1209)'  at
    http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/rep/H044.htm

  • Griffel, Frank

    • 2006 `Razi, al-, Fakhr al-Din in Meri ed.  MIC2: 670-1.

    Kafrawi, Shalahudin

    • Fakhr al-Din al-Razi's methodology in interpreting the Qur'an.Binghamton, N.Y. : Global Publications, Binghamton University, 2001

    Shalahudin Kafrawi

    • Fakhr Al-Din Al-Razi's Methodology in Interpreting the Qur'an. Global Academic Pub., 2002 ISBN = 1586841793

    Kholeif, F.

    • 1966  A Study on Fakhr al-Din al-Razi and His Controversies in Transoxania, Pensée Arabe et Musulmane 31, Beirut: Dar al-Machreq Éditeurs.  1966, 1984 (Arabic text and English translation of al-Razi's text of sixteen questions (philosophical, logical, legal) broached with scholars in Transoxania; gives a good idea of al-Razi's style. Also contains a list of al-Razi's works.)

    Kraus, P.

    •  (1936-7) 'Les "Controverses" de Fakhr al-Din Razi' (The 'Controversies' of Fakhr al-Din al-Razi), Bulletin de l'Institut d'Egypte 19: 187-214. (An important early study of the 'controversies' translated in Kholeif (1966).
    • 1938  'The controversies of Fakhr al-Din Razi', Islamic Culture 12, 1938: 131-53. English trans.

    McAuliffe, J.D. 1990

    • 'Fakhr al-Din al-Razi on God as al-Khaliq', in D.B. Burrell and B. McGinn (eds) God and Creation: An Ecumenical Symposium, Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 276-96. (An examination of al-Razi's late philosophical theology, with particular reference to the problem of creation; see also M. Mahdi's response in the same volume (297-303) on the general question of al-Razi as philosopher.)

     

    Ismā‘īl, ‘Izz al-Dīn

    • Nusūs Qur'ānīyah fī'l-nafs al-insānīyah.  al-Dār al-Baydā' : Dār al-Nashr al-Maghribīyah, 1976. (232pp.).

    Bū  ‘Azīzī, Muhammad al-‘Arabī

    • Nazarīyat al-ma‘rifah ‘inda al-Rāzī min khilāl tafsīrih. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr al-‘Arabī, 1999  (432pp.).

    Shalahudin Kafrawi

    • Fakhr Al-Din Al-Razi's Methodology in Interpreting the Qur'an. Global Academic Pub., 2002 ISBN = 1586841793

    Rahbar, Daud,

    • Indices to the verses of the Qur'an in the commentaries of al-Tabarī and al-Rāzī . Hartford, Conn., Hartford Seminary Foundation, 1962 (iv+106 pp.). Based on al-Tabari,  Bulaq edition 1323-1329 AH. and Maimuriyya Press edition Egypt, 1321 and on Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb,

    Lagarde, Michel.

    • Index Du Grand Commentaire De Fahr Al-Din Al-Razi. (Handbuch der Orientalistik. Erste Abteilung, der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten, 0169-9423 ; 22. Bd. = Handbook of Oriental Studies- Handbuch Der Orientalistik). Leiden ; New York : E. J. Brill, 1996. ISBN = 9004103627.  "This work contains indexes of the proper names and the subjects of the Great Commentary of Fahr al-Din al-Razi, which comprises 32 volumes and forms an immense encyclopedia of the Middle Ages, invaluable for the knowledge of Classical Islam. The work is based on the Beirut edition (1981), but it contains a synopsis which allows for the use of the editions of Cairo (1933) and Teheran (n.d.). In the introduction, one finds a synthesis of the text's important elements, the statement of exegetical principles of the Great Commentary, and information relating to its chronology and authorship"

    ‘Abd al-Rahmān, Muhammad Ibrāhīm

    • Manhaj al-Fakhr al-Rāzī fī al-tafsīr bayna manāhij mu‘āsirīh- murāja‘at wa-taqdīm Yū
      suf Hasan Nawfal . [Cairo] Madīnat Nasr : al-Sadr li-Khidmāt al-Tibā‘ah, 1989 (261pp.).

    Hindāwī Ahmad, et. al. (ed.)

    • al-Mabāhith al-bayānīyah fī Tafsīr al-Fakhr al-Rāzī : dirāsah balāghīyah tafsīlīyahed. ed.  Hindāwī Ahmad , Hindāwī Hilāl. Cairo : Maktabat Wahbah, 1999

    Muhibbu-Din, Murtada. A.

    • 1997 `An assessment of Imām Fakhr al-Dīn Rāzī's contribution to philosophical theology in his al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr' in Hamdard Islamicus,  20 (1997) Issue iii, pp.77-85.

    • Imam Fakhr al-Din al-Razi's Philosophical Theology in his Tafsir al-Kabir in Hamdard Islamicus 27 (1994), 55-84.  

    Street , Tony

    • Angels in medieval Islamic theology : a study in Fakhr al-Din̄ al-Rāzi. Dissertation: Thesis (Ph.D.)--Australian National University, 1988.  

    Schub, M. B. 1981.

    • `A sublime subtlety? (Fakhr al-Dīn Rāzī on Qur'ān 55, 58.)'  in  Zeitschrift für Arabische Linguistik,  6 (1981),  72-73

    McAuliffe, Jane Dammen

    • `Fakhr al-Dīn Rāzī on āyat-jizyah and āyat al-sayf’ in M. Gevers, ed. 1990, 103-118.*
    • 1990 `Fakhr al-Dīn Rāzī on āyat-jizyah and āyat al-sayf’ in M. Gevers, ed. 1990, 103-118.*
    • "Fakhr al-Din al-Razi on God as al-khaliq." God and Creation: An Ecumenical Symposium. Ed. D. Burrell and B. McGinn. Notre Dame: Notre Dame University Press, 1990.

     

    Iskenderoglu, Muammer

    • Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī and Thomas Aquinas on the question of the eternity of the world. Leiden ; Boston, MA : Brill, 2002

    Kafrawi, Shalahudin

    • Fakhr Al-Din Al-Razi's Methodology in Interpreting the Qur'an  2002. 

    • Methodology of Qur'anic Interpretation: Fakhr Al-Din Al-Razi's Exegetic Principles.  2006.

     

    van Ess, J.:

    • art. "Mu'tazilah," in: The Encyclopedia of Religion, New York: Macmillan, and London: Collicr-Macmillan, 1986, vii, 220 9.

     

     

     

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